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Seriously Sound Science
orbital blocks: sharp → principle → diffuse → fundamental

Periodic Table of Elements

To facilitate efficient display (and printing) via the World-Wide Web, this version of the periodic table presents atomic chemical element data in a format rotated 90-degrees counterclockwise with respect to traditional presentations. As with most periodic tables, elements in this table are ordered by atomic number (number of protons) and period.

As in Glenn T. Seaborg's extended periodic table, orbitals establish the basis for the groups in this table. Thus, lanthanides and actinides deviate from their prior historical positions as noted. Via the links at top right, orbital blocks may be included or excluded to change the table's size.

Because the period 1 elements – hydrogen (H) and helium (He) – are special cases that do not follow the octet rule, variants of this table accomodate their:

The noble gases (group 18) appear at the top of the table and alkali metals (group 1) at the bottom (ordered opposite of those in the simpler mirrored vertical periodic table.)

Data for each element are presented as described in the category and layout legends below.

Element Categories

Nonmetals
Noble GasesNG
HalogensHal
Other NonmetalsONm
MetalloidsMo

Metals
Other MetalsOM
Transition ElementsTE
Inner
Transition
Elements
LanthanidesLan
ActinidesAct
Alkaline Earth MetalsAEM
Alkali MetalsAM
Element Layout Legend
category (see left):state at standard temperature and pressure
(0°C and 1 atmosphere) as Gas, Liquid, or Solid
chemical symbol →

element name →
optional alternate name →
atomic mass (uncertainty) →
electronegativity →
magnetic ordering →
Fe(TE:S) 26
(ancient)
iron
(L.: ferrum)
55.845(2)
e-:1.83
ferromagnetic
← atomic number (protons)
← when discovered
← L.Gr.::=Latinized Greek,
← L.::=Latin, G.::=German
← for most-stable isotope
← using Pauling scale
← non-,dia-,para-,ferro-,antiferromagnetic

occurrence (via border type):
Primordial From decay Synthetic Undiscovered
(no border)

Periodic Table of Atomic Chemical Elements
Group ↓ ← Period →
Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 Period 5 Period 6 Period 7
p6
18/VIIIA
Noble Gases
He(NG:G) 2
(1868)
HELIUM
4.002602(2)
e-:3.89
diamagnetic
Ne(NG:G) 10
(1898)
NEON
20.1797(6)
e-:3.67
diamagnetic
Ar(NG:G) 18
(1894)
ARGON
39.948(1)
e-:3.3
diamagnetic
Kr(NG:G) 36
(1898)
KRYPTON
83.80(1)
e-:3.00
diamagnetic
Xe(NG:G) 54
(1898)
XENON
131.29(2)
e-:2.67
diamagnetic
Rn(NG:G) 86
(1898)
RADON
[222.0176]
e-:2.2
nonmagnetic
Og(NG:G) 118
(2002)
Oganesson
[294]


p5
17/VIIA
Halogens
 
F(Hal:G) 9
(1886)
FLUORINE
18.9984032(5)
e-:3.98
nonmagnetic
Cl(Hal:G) 17
(1774)
CHLORINE
35.4527(9)
e-:3.16
diamagnetic
Br(Hal:L) 35
(1826)
BROMINE
79.904(1)
e-:2.96
diamagnetic
I(Hal:S) 53
(1811)
IODINE
126.90447(3)
e-:2.66
nonmagnetic
At(Hal:S) 85
(1940)
ASTATINE
[209.9871]
e-:2.2
nonmagnetic
TS(Hal:S) 117
(2003)
Tennessine
[294]


p4
16/VIA
Chalcogens
O(ONm:G) 8
(1771)
OXYGEN

15.9994(3)
e-:3.44
paramagnetic
S(ONm:S) 16
(ancient)
SULFUR
(UK:SULPHUR)
32.066(6)
e-:2.58
diamagnetic
Se(ONm:S) 34
(1817)
SELENIUM

78.96(3)
e-:2.55
diamagnetic
Te(Mo:S) 52
(1782)
TELLURIUM

127.60(3)
e-:2.1
diamagnetic
Po(Mo:S) 84
(1898)
POLONIUM

[208.9824]
e-:2.0
nonmagnetic
Lv(OM:S) 116
(2001)
Livermorium

[293]


p3
15/VA
Pnictogens
N(ONm:G) 7
(1772)
NITROGEN

14.00674(7)
e-:3.04
diamagnetic
P(ONm:S) 15
(1669)
PHOSPHORUS

30.973762(2)
e-:2.19
diamagnetic
As(Mo:S) 33
(1250)
ARSENIC

74.92160(2)
e-:2.18
diamagnetic
Sb(Mo:S) 51
(1450)
ANTIMONY
(L.: STIBIUM)
121.760(1)
e-:2.05
diamagnetic
Bi(OM:S) 83
(c.1450)
BISMUTH

208.98040(1)
e-:2.02
diamagnetic
Mc(OM:S) 115
(2003)
Moscovium

[290]


p2
14/IVA
Carbon Group
C(ONm:S) 6
(ancient)
CARBON

12.0107(8)
e-:2.55
diamagnetic
Si(Mo:S) 14
(1823)
SILICON

28.0855(3)
e-:1.90
diamagnetic
Ge(Mo:S) 32
(1886)
GERMANIUM

72.61(2)
e-:2.01
diamagnetic
Sn(OM:S) 50
(ancient)
TIN
(L.: STANNUM)
118.710(7)
e-:1.96
paramagnetic
Pb(OM:S) 82
(ancient)
LEAD
(L.: PLUMBUM)
207.2(1)
e-:2.33
diamagnetic
Fl(OM:S) 114
(1999)
Flerovium

[289]


p1
13/IIIA
Boron Group
B(Mo:S) 5
(1808)
BORON

10.811(7)
e-:2.04
diamagnetic
Al(OM:S) 13
(1825)
ALUMINIUM
(US:ALUMINUM)
26.9815386(8)
e-:1.61
paramagnetic
Ga(OM:S) 31
(1875)
GALLIUM

69.723(1)
e-:1.81
diamagnetic
In(OM:S) 49
(1863)
INDIUM

114.818(3)
e-:1.78
diamagnetic
Tl(OM:S) 81
(1861)
THALLIUM

204.3833(2)
e-:1.62
diamagnetic
Nh(OM:S) 113
(2003)
Nihonium

[286]


d10
12/IIB
 
Zn(TE:S) 30
(1526)
ZINC

65.39(2)
e-:1.65
diamagnetic
Cd(TE:S) 48
(1817)
CADMIUM

112.411(8)
e-:1.69
diamagnetic
Hg(TE:L) 80
(ancient)
MERCURY (L.Gr.:
HYDRARGYRUM)
200.59(2)
e-:2.00
diamagnetic
Cn(TE:L) 112
(1996)
Copernicium

[285]


d9
11/IB
Coinage Metals
Cu(TE:S) 29
(ancient)
COPPER
(L.: CUPRUM)
63.546(3)
e-:1.90
diamagnetic
Ag(TE:S) 47
(ancient)
SILVER
(L.: ARGENTUM)
107.8682(2)
e-:1.93
diamagnetic
Au(TE:S) 79
(ancient)
GOLD
(L.: AURUM)
196.966569(4)
e-:2.54
diamagnetic
Rg(TE:S) 111
(1994)
ROENTGENIUM

[272.1535]

nonmagnetic
d8
10/VIIIA
Ni(TE:S) 28
(1751)
NICKEL
58.6934(2)
e-:1.91
ferromagnetic
Pd(TE:S) 46
(1803)
PALLADIUM
106.42(1)
e-:2.20
paramagnetic
Pt(TE:S) 78
(c.1741)
PLATINUM
195.084(9)
e-:2.28
paramagnetic
Ds(TE:S) 110
(1994)
DARMSTADTIUM
[272.1463]

nonmagnetic
d7
9/VIIIA
Co(TE:S) 27
(1732)
COBALT

58.933195(5)
e-:1.88
ferromagnetic
Rh(TE:S) 45
(1803)
RHODIUM

102.90550(2)
e-:2.28
paramagnetic
Ir(TE:S) 77
(1803)
IRIDIUM

192.217(3)
e-:2.20
paramagnetic
Mt(TE:S) 109
(1982)
MEITNERIUM
(eka-iridium)
[268.1388]

nonmagnetic
d6
8/VIIIA
Fe(TE:S) 26
(ancient)
IRON
(L.: FERRUM)
55.845(2)
e-:1.83
ferromagnetic
Ru(TE:S) 44
(1844)
RUTHENIUM

101.07(2)
e-:2.2
paramagnetic
Os(TE:S) 76
(1803)
OSMIUM

190.23(3)
e-:2.2
paramagnetic
Hs(TE:S) 108
(1984)
HASSIUM

[269.1341]

nonmagnetic
d5
7/VIIB
Mn(TE:S) 25
(1774)
MANGANESE
54.938045(5)
e-:1.55
paramagnetic
Tc(TE:S) 43
(1937)
TECHNETIUM
[97.9072]
e-:1.9
nonmagnetic
Re(TE:S) 75
(1925)
RHENIUM
186.207(1)
e-:1.9
nonmagnetic
Bh(TE:S) 107
(1976)
BOHRIUM
[264.1247]

nonmagnetic
d4
6/VIB
Cr(TE:S) 24
(1797)
CHROMIUM

51.9961(6)
e-:1.66
antiferromagnetic
Mo(TE:S) 42
(1778)
MOLYBDENUM

95.94(1)
e-:2.16
paramagnetic
W(TE:S) 74
(1783)
TUNGSTEN
(G.: WOLFRAM)
183.84(1)
e-:2.36
paramagnetic
Sg(TE:S) 106
(1974)
SEABORGIUM

[266.1219]

nonmagnetic
d3
5/VB
V(TE:S) 23
(1801)
VANADIUM

50.9415(1)
e-:1.63
nonmagnetic
Nb(TE:S) 41
(1801)
NIOBIUM
(columbium)
92.90638(2)
e-:1.6
nonmagnetic
Ta(TE:S) 73
(1802)
TANTALUM

180.94788(2)
e-:1.5
nonmagnetic
Db(TE:S) 105
(1967)
DUBNIUM

[262.1144]

nonmagnetic
d2
4/IVB
Ti(TE:S) 22
(1797)
TITANIUM
47.867(1)
e-:1.54
paramagnetic
Zr(TE:S) 40
(1789)
ZIRCONIUM
91.224(2)
e-:1.33
paramagnetic
Hf(TE:S) 72
(1923)
HAFNIUM
178.49(2)
e-:1.3
nonmagnetic
Rf(TE:S) 104
(1964)
RUTHERFORDIUM
[263.1125]

nonmagnetic
d1
3/IIIB †
Sc(TE:S) 21
(1879)
SCANDIUM

44.955912(6)
e-:1.36
nonmagnetic
Y(TE:S) 39
(1794)
YTTRIUM

88.90585(2)
e-:1.22
nonmagnetic
Lu(Lan:S) 71
(1907)
LUTETIUM
(cassiopeium)
174.967(1)
e-:1.27
nonmagnetic
Lr(Act:S) 103
(1961)
LAWRENCIUM

[262.110]
e-:1.291
nonmagnetic
f14  
Yb(Lan:S) 70
(1878)
YTTERBIUM
173.04(3)
e-:1.1
nonmagnetic
No(Act:S) 102
(1958)
NOBELIUM
[259.1011]
e-:1.3
nonmagnetic
f13
Tm(Lan:S) 69
(1879)
THULIUM
168.93421(2)
e-:1.25
paramagnetic
Md(Act:S) 101
(1955)
MENDELEVIUM
[258.0984]
e-:1.3
nonmagnetic
f12
Er(Lan:S) 68
(1843)
ERBIUM
167.259(3)
e-:1.24
paramagnetic
Fm(Act:S) 100
(1952)
FERMIUM
[257.0951]
e-:1.3
nonmagnetic
f11
Ho(Lan:S) 67
(1879)
HOLMIUM
164.93032(2)
e-:1.23
paramagnetic
Es(Act:S) 99
(1952)
EINSTEINIUM
[252.0830]
e-:1.3
nonmagnetic
f10
Dy(Lan:S) 66
(1886)
DYSPROSIUM
162.500(1)
e-:1.22
paramagnetic
Cf(Act:S) 98
(1950)
CALIFORNIUM
[251.0796]
e-:1.3
nonmagnetic
f9
Tb(Lan:S) 65
(1843)
TERBIUM
158.92535(2)
e-:1.1
paramagnetic
Bk(Act:S) 97
(1949)
BERKELIUM
[247.0703]
e-:1.3
nonmagnetic
f8
Gd(Lan:S) 64
(1880)
GADOLINIUM
157.25(3)
e-:1.2
ferromagnetic
Cm(Act:S) 96
(1944)
CURIUM
[247.0703]
e-:1.28
nonmagnetic
f7
Eu(Lan:S) 63
(1901)
EUROPIUM
151.964(1)
e-:1.2
paramagnetic
Am(Act:S) 95
(1944)
AMERICIUM
[243.0614]
e-:1.13
nonmagnetic
f6
Sm(Lan:S) 62
(1879)
SAMARIUM
150.36(2)
e-:1.17
paramagnetic
Pu(Act:S) 94
(1941)
PLUTONIUM
[244.0642]
e-:1.28
nonmagnetic
f5
Pm(Lan:S) 61
(1945)
PROMETHIUM
[144.9127]
e-:1.13
nonmagnetic
Np(Act:S) 93
(1940)
NEPTUNIUM
[237.0482]
e-:1.36
nonmagnetic
f4
Nd(Lan:S) 60
(1885)
NEODYMIUM
144.242(3)
e-:1.14
paramagnetic
U(Act:S) 92
(1789)
URANIUM
238.02891(3)
e-:1.38
nonmagnetic
f3
Pr(Lan:S) 59
(1885)
PRASEODYMIUM
140.90765(2)
e-:1.13
nonmagnetic
Pa(Act:S) 91
(1917)
PROTACTINIUM
231.03588(2)
e-:1.5
nonmagnetic
f2
Ce(Lan:S) 58
(1803)
CERIUM
140.116(1)
e-:1.12
paramagnetic
Th(Act:S) 90
(1828)
THORIUM
232.03806(2)
e-:1.3
nonmagnetic
f1
La(Lan:S) 57
(1839-41)
LANTHANUM
138.90547(7)
e-:1.1
nonmagnetic
Ac(Act:S) 89
(1899)
ACTINIUM
[227.0277]
e-:1.1
nonmagnetic
s2
2/IIA
Alkaline Earth Metals
 
Be(AEM:S) 4
(1828)
BERYLLIUM
9.012182(3)
e-:1.57
diamagnetic
Mg(AEM:S) 12
(1755)
MAGNESIUM
24.3050(6)
e-:1.31
paramagnetic
Ca(AEM:S) 20
(1808)
CALCIUM
40.078(4)
e-:1.00
paramagnetic
Sr(AEM:S) 38
(1793)
STRONTIUM
87.62(1)
e-:0.95
paramagnetic
Ba(AEM:S) 56
(1808)
BARIUM
137.327(7)
e-:0.89
paramagnetic
Ra(AEM:S) 88
(1898)
RADIUM
[226.0254]
e-:0.9
nonmagnetic
s1
1/IA
Alkali Metals
H(ONm:G) 1
(1766)
HYDROGEN

1.00794(7)
e-:2.20
diamagnetic
Li(AM:S) 3
(1817)
LITHIUM

6.941(2)
e-:0.98
paramagnetic
Na(AM:S) 11
(1807)
SODIUM
(L.: NATRIUM)
22.98976928(2)
e-:0.93
paramagnetic
K(AM:S) 19
(1807)
POTASSIUM
(L.: KALIUM)
39.0983(1)
e-:0.82
nonmagnetic
Rb(AM:S) 37
(1860)
RUBIDIUM

85.4678(3)
e-:0.82
nonmagnetic
Cs(AM:S) 55
(1860)
CAESIUM
(CESIUM)
132.9054519(2)
e-:0.79
nonmagnetic
Fr(AM:S) 87
(1939)
FRANCIUM

[223.0197]
e-:0.7
nonmagnetic

Footnotes
Historically, Group 3/IIIB includes lanthanum (La) in place of lutetium (Lu) and actinium (Ac) in place of lawrencium (Lr); as noted at top, this table models Seaborg's.
The atomic mass of ununseptium (Uus) is only an estimate, as this element has not yet been discovered.